EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM USE OF ETONOGESTREL CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANT: LITERATURE REVIEW
EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM USE OF ETONOGESTREL CONTRACEPTIVE IMPLANT: LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51898/wb.v6i2.150Keywords:
effect, Etonogestrel contraceptive implant, long termAbstract
Implantable contraceptives are a long-term birth control option for women. However, contraceptive implants are not suitable for everyone. One of the contraceptive implants that is often used is etonogestrel. Etonogestrel is a progestin, or synthetic progestogen, and is therefore an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens such as progesterone. It works by stopping ovulation, thickening the mucus around the cervical opening, and changing the lining of the uterus. It has very weak androgenic and glucocorticoid activity and no other important hormonal activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the side effects of long-term use of the etonogestrel implant contraceptive through a literature study. The three databases used are Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus in this study. The literature search was carried out after the PICO was determined and used the keywords “Effect”, “Etonogestrel Contraceptive Implant”, “Long Term”. Based on the analysis of the 11 articles obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the Etonogestrel Implant Contraceptive is a safe and effective contraceptive method for use in women of childbearing age. Even so, etonogestrel has side effects such as menstrual irregularities, breast tenderness, mood swings, acne, headaches, vaginitis
References
2. Bahamondes, L., Brache, V., Meirik, O., Ali, M., Habib, N., & Landoulsi, S. (2015). A 3-year multicentre randomized controlled trial of etonogestrel- and levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implants, with non-randomized matched copper-intrauterine device controls. Human Reproduction, 30(11), 2527–2538. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev221
3. Berenson, A. B., Tan, A., & Hirth, J. M. (2015). Complications and continuation rates associated with 2 types of long-acting contraception. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 212(6), 761.e1-761.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2014.12.028
4. Carcio, H., & Secor, R. M. (2015). Advanced Health Assessment of Women: Clinical Skills and Procedures (3rd ed.). New York: Springer.
5. Gupta, S., Mola, G., Ramsay, P., Jenkins, G., Stein, W., Bolnga, J., & Black, K. (2017). Twelve month follow-up of a contraceptive implant outreach service in rural Papua New Guinea. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 57(2), 213–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.12596
6. Hamilton, R. J. (2016). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2016 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
7. Iversen, L., Fielding, S., Lidegaard, Ø., Mørch, L. S., Skovlund, C. W., & Hannaford, P. C. (2018). Association between contemporary hormonal contraception and ovarian cancer in women of reproductive age in Denmark: prospective, nationwide cohort study. BMJ, k3609. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k3609
8. Lemke, T. L., Williams, D. A., Roche, V. F., & Zito, S. W. (Eds.). (2012). Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
9. Lentz, G. M., Lobo, R. A., Gershenson, D. M., & Katz, V. L. (2012). Comprehensive Gynecology (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, Elsevier.
10. Lidegaard, Ø., Løkkegaard, E., Jensen, A., Skovlund, C. W., & Keiding, N. (2012). Thrombotic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction with Hormonal Contraception. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(24), 2257–2266. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1111840
11. Mansyur, N., & Dahlan, A. K. (2014). Buku Ajar Asuhan Kebidanan Masa Nifas. Malang: Selaksa Media.
12. Melville, C. (2015). Sexual and Reproductive Health at a Glance. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
13. Modesto, W., Dal´Ava, N., Monteiro, I., & Bahamondes, L. (2015). Body composition and bone mineral density in users of the etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 292(6), 1387–1391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-015-3784-0
14. Mørch, L. S., Skovlund, C. W., Hannaford, P. C., Iversen, L., Fielding, S., & Lidegaard, Ø. (2017). Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(23), 2228–2239. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1700732
15. Romano, M. E., & Braun-Courville, D. K. (2019). Assessing Weight Status in Adolescent and Young Adult Users of the Etonogestrel Contraceptive Implant. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 32(4), 409–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2019.03.008
16. Scott-Ram, R., Chor, J., Bhogireddy, V., Keith, L., & Patel, A. (2012). Contraceptive choices of overweight and obese women in a publically funded hospital: possible clinical implications. Contraception, 86(2), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2011.12.004
17. Smith, K., Nayyar, S., Rana, T., Archibong, A., Looney, K., & Nayyar, T. (2018). Do Progestin-Only Contraceptives Contribute to the Risk of Developing Depression as Implied by Beta-Arrestin 1 Levels in Leukocytes? A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(9), 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091966
18. Swandari, M. T. K., & Susanti. (2011). Farmakologi Kebidanan. Jakarta: Trans Info Media.
19. Tifannii, W. F., Mayasari, & Rifai, M. (2020). Implementasi Program Keluarga Berencana (Kb) dalam Upaya Menekan Pertumbuhan Penduduk di Kelurahan Sumur Batu Kecamatan Bantar Gebang Kota Bekasi. Dinamika, 7(3), 525–540. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/dinamika.v7i3.4348
20. Villas-Boas, J., Vilodre, L. C., Malerba, H., Pontremoli Salcedo, M., Foresti Jiménez, M., & El Beitune, P. (2016). Metabolic safety of the etonogestrel contraceptive implant in healthy women over a 3-year period. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 202, 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.04.025
21. World Health Organization. (2015). The selection and use of essential medicines. Twentieth report of the WHO Expert Committee 2015 (including 19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and 5th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children). In World Health Organization - Technical Report Series (Vol. 2015).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Siang Br Tarigan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.